AP Microeconomics - Study Guides, Flashcards, AP-style Practice & Mock Exams
Our AP Microeconomics exam prep offers a complete roadmap for navigating the complexities of supply, demand, and market structures. Systematically review all course units and topics with our detailed guides, then solidify your understanding with a robust collection of practice materials designed to get you ready for exam day.
Course Overview
This course examines the principles of economics that apply to individual decision-makers within an economic system. Across six units, you will explore concepts of scarcity, opportunity cost, and supply and demand. The curriculum focuses on the nature and functions of product markets, including various market structures, and delves into factor markets and the role of government in the economy. Core skills emphasized include graphical analysis to represent economic situations, quantitative analysis to calculate outcomes like elasticity and surplus, and the application of marginal analysis. These skills are essential for interpreting models and data in both the Multiple-Choice and Free-Response sections of the exam.
Effective preparation involves a structured, cyclical approach. Progress through the 36 topics sequentially, using the AP-style quizzes after each one to solidify your understanding. Conclude each of the six units with a comprehensive Unit Exam, which functions as a progress check to identify areas needing reinforcement. This method enables targeted review of specific concepts before moving forward. With a total of 639 practice questions available, you can continuously refine your knowledge. Finally, complete the three full-length mock exams under timed conditions to build stamina and master test-taking strategies for the official examination.
Units & Topics
Unit 1: Basic Economic Concepts
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This unit introduces foundational models for decision-making under scarcity, using a systematic comparison of trade-offs to understand how individuals and societies allocate limited resources.
- 1.0Unit Overview
- 1.1Scarcity
- 1.2Resource Allocation and Economic Systems
- 1.3Production Possibilities Curve
- 1.4Comparative Advantage and Trade
- 1.5Cost-Benefit Analysis
- 1.6Marginal Analysis and Consumer Choice
- 1.7Unit Exam
Unit 2: Supply and Demand
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This unit examines the causation of market outcomes, analyzing how buyer and seller behavior, government policy, and global trade influence prices and quantities.
- 2.0Unit Overview
- 2.1Demand
- 2.2Supply
- 2.3Price Elasticity of Demand
- 2.4Price Elasticity of Supply
- 2.5Other Elasticities
- 2.6Market Equilibrium and Consumer and Producer Surplus
- 2.7Market Disequilibrium and Changes in Equilibrium
- 2.8The Effects of Government Intervention in Markets
- 2.9International Trade and Public Policy
- 2.10Unit Exam
Unit 3: Production, Cost, and the Perfect Competition Model
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Applying economic periodization, we will investigate how firms’ production costs and revenue calculations influence their choices to operate, shut down, or exit a market.
- 3.0Unit Overview
- 3.1The Production Function
- 3.2Short-Run Production Costs
- 3.3Long-Run Production Costs
- 3.4Types of Profit
- 3.5Profit Maximization
- 3.6Firms' Short-Run Decisions to Produce and Long-Run Decisions to Enter or Exit a Market
- 3.7Perfect Competition
- 3.8Unit Exam
Unit 4: Imperfect Competition
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Through comparison, we will analyze how firms with market power, from single dominant sellers to strategically interacting rivals, determine output, price, and profit.
- 4.0Unit Overview
- 4.1Introduction to Imperfectly Competitive Markets
- 4.2Monopoly
- 4.3Price Discrimination
- 4.4Monopolistic Competition
- 4.5Oligopoly and Game Theory
- 4.6Unit Exam
Unit 5: Factor Markets
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Through a comparison of market structures, we analyze how firms’ profit-maximizing demand for resources determines wages and employment levels in various competitive conditions.
- 5.0Unit Overview
- 5.1Introduction to Factor Markets
- 5.2Changes in Factor Demand and Factor Supply
- 5.3Profit-Maximizing Behavior in Perfectly Competitive Factor Markets
- 5.4Monopsonistic Markets
- 5.5Unit Exam
Unit 6: Market Failure and the Role of Government
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This unit involves a comparison of why markets fail, from spillover effects to collective goods, and how government action can alter economic outcomes.
- 6.0Unit Overview
- 6.1Socially Efficient and Inefficient Market Outcomes
- 6.2Externalities
- 6.3Public and Private Goods
- 6.4The Effects of Government Intervention in Different Market Structures
- 6.5Inequality
- 6.6Unit Exam
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the format of the AP Microeconomics exam?
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The exam is 2 hours and 10 minutes long and consists of two sections. You will have 70 minutes for 60 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) and 60 minutes for three free-response questions (FRQs). The FRQs require you to demonstrate skills like "Graphing and Visualization" to illustrate economic models and concepts.
How is the AP Microeconomics exam scored?
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Your final score is determined by the performance on both sections. The multiple-choice section accounts for two-thirds (66.7%) of your total score, while the free-response section makes up the remaining one-third (33.3%). Strong graphical analysis and clear explanations in the FRQs are crucial for earning a high score.
Are graphs a major part of the exam?
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Yes, creating and interpreting graphs is a critical skill for this exam. The free-response section will explicitly require you to draw correctly labeled graphs for concepts like supply and demand, market structures, and externalities. Your ability to visually represent and analyze economic situations is a core component of the course.
What is 'marginal analysis' and why is it important?
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Marginal analysis is the evaluation of how a small change in an activity affects its costs and benefits. This is a foundational principle you will use to explain optimal decision-making for consumers and firms. For example, you'll use it to determine a firm's profit-maximizing level of output where marginal revenue equals marginal cost.
How should I structure my studying on this platform?
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A proven method is to progress sequentially through the course's 6 units and 36 topics. After each topic, use our 639 practice questions and AP-style quizzes to check your understanding. Solidify your knowledge with unit exams before attempting the full-length mock exams to build stamina and confidence for test day.
What is the calculator policy for the exam?
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You are permitted to use a four-function, scientific, or graphing calculator on both the MCQ and FRQ sections. While the exam does not feature complex calculations, a calculator is helpful for basic arithmetic on questions involving costs, revenue, and elasticity. Be sure you are familiar with your device beforehand.
Do I get an equation sheet for the exam?
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No, an equation sheet is not provided for the AP Microeconomics exam. You will need to know key formulas for concepts like elasticity, cost curves, and profit. The course focuses on the skill of "Manipulation," which includes performing these calculations to determine economic outcomes based on provided data.
What are the Free-Response Questions (FRQs) like?
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The FRQs present you with an economic scenario and ask you to explain concepts, perform calculations, and draw and label graphs. You will need to clearly show cause-and-effect relationships and support your answers with economic principles. One long and two short FRQs make up this section of the exam.
How can I best prepare for the Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs)?
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Consistent practice is the best way to master the MCQs. This course offers over 870 flashcards to reinforce key terms and concepts that frequently appear. Focus on developing your "Interpretation" skill by carefully reading each question and analyzing any accompanying charts or data to select the best possible answer among the choices.
What is the most challenging skill in this course?
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Many students find the application of multiple economic models to a single problem to be the most difficult part. This requires a deep understanding of core principles and the ability to connect different concepts. Plan to use your ~25 hours of study time practicing problems that combine topics like market structures and government policy.
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