AP Biology Unit 5 Practice Test & Exam | 25 Questions

Questions 1-3 refer to the following diagram of a cell undergoing division.

1. The diagram best illustrates which of the following stages of cell division?

(A)Metaphase of mitosis(B)Metaphase I of meiosis(C)Metaphase II of meiosis(D)Anaphase I of meiosis

2. Which of the following statements best describes the genetic content of the two daughter cells that will result immediately following the stage shown?

(A)They will be diploid, and the homologous chromosomes will be in separate cells.(B)They will be diploid, and the sister chromatids will be in separate cells.(C)They will be haploid, and the homologous chromosomes will be in separate cells.(D)They will be haploid, and the sister chromatids will be in separate cells.

3. The visible exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids, as shown in the diagram, is a key source of genetic variation. This process is known as:

(A)independent assortment(B)segregation(C)random fertilization(D)crossing over

4. Which of the following correctly compares the outcomes of mitosis and meiosis starting from a single diploid cell?

(A)Mitosis produces two diploid cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, while meiosis produces four haploid cells that are genetically unique.(B)Mitosis produces four haploid cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell, while meiosis produces two diploid cells that are genetically unique.(C)Mitosis produces two haploid cells for asexual reproduction, while meiosis produces four diploid cells for sexual reproduction.(D)Mitosis and meiosis both produce four genetically unique cells, but they differ in chromosome number.

5. A diploid organism has a total of 12 chromosomes in its somatic cells. How many chromosomes would be present in a gamete produced by this organism?

(A)3(B)6(C)12(D)24

6. Nondisjunction is an error in meiosis where chromosomes fail to separate correctly. If nondisjunction of a single chromosome pair occurs during Meiosis I, which of the following describes the resulting gametes?

(A)All four gametes will have a normal haploid number of chromosomes.(B)Two gametes will have an extra chromosome ($n+1$), and two gametes will be missing a chromosome ($n-1$).(C)One gamete will have an extra chromosome ($n+1$), one will be missing a chromosome ($n-1$), and two will be normal ($n$).(D)Two gametes will be normal ($n$), and two gametes will have an extra chromosome ($n+1$).

Questions 7-9 refer to the following information.

7. What is the genotype of the dwarf, white-flowered parent plant?

(A)TTpp(B)TtPp(C)ttpp(D)ttPP

8. Assuming the genes for stem height and flower color are on different chromosomes, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

(A)9 tall/purple : 3 tall/white : 3 dwarf/purple : 1 dwarf/white(B)3 tall/purple : 1 dwarf/white(C)1 tall/purple : 1 tall/white : 1 dwarf/purple : 1 dwarf/white(D)All offspring will be tall with purple flowers.

9. What is the probability that an offspring from this cross will be dwarf with purple flowers?

(A)$1/16$(B)$1/8$(C)$1/4$(D)$1/2$

10. Mendel's law of segregation is best explained by which of the following events in meiosis?

(A)The pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I.(B)The random alignment of homologous pairs at the metaphase I plate.(C)The separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I.(D)The exchange of genetic material during crossing over.

11. In snapdragons, heterozygotes have pink flowers, whereas the two homozygotes have red flowers or white flowers. This pattern of inheritance is best described as:

(A)codominance(B)incomplete dominance(C)pleiotropy(D)polygenic inheritance

Questions 12-13 refer to the following pedigree.

12. Based on the pedigree, the trait is most likely inherited as which of the following?

(A)Autosomal dominant(B)Autosomal recessive(C)X-linked dominant(D)X-linked recessive

13. If the trait is X-linked recessive, what is the genotype of the female in Generation I? (Let R represent the dominant allele and r represent the recessive allele).

(A)$X^R X^R$(B)$X^R X^r$(C)$X^r X^r$(D)The genotype cannot be determined from the pedigree.

Refer to the stimulus below.

14. Which of the following conclusions is most appropriate?

(A)The student should accept the null hypothesis because the chi-square value is large.(B)The student should reject the null hypothesis because the chi-square value is larger than the critical value.(C)The student should accept the null hypothesis because the parental phenotypes are most common.(D)The student should reject the null hypothesis because the recombinant phenotypes are rare.

15. Human blood type is an example of both codominance and multiple alleles. The alleles are $I^A$, $I^B$, and $i$. Which of the following parental crosses could produce a child with type O blood?

(A)A parent with type AB blood and a parent with type O blood.(B)A parent with type A blood (genotype $I^A I^A$) and a parent with type B blood (genotype $I^B I^B$).(C)A parent with type A blood (genotype $I^A i$) and a parent with type B blood (genotype $I^B i$).(D)A parent with type AB blood and a parent with type B blood (genotype $I^B I^B$).

16. In some plant species, leaf color is determined by genes located in the chloroplast DNA. This type of inheritance is known as non-nuclear inheritance. Which of the following is the most likely pattern of inheritance for this trait?

(A)The trait is passed from the male parent to all offspring through the pollen.(B)The trait is passed from the female parent to all offspring through the ovule.(C)The trait is passed from both parents, following Mendelian patterns.(D)The trait appears randomly in offspring, independent of the parents' phenotypes.

Questions 17-18 refer to the following information.

17. Which of the following claims is best supported by this observation?

(A)The genotype of the hydrangea plant determines its flower color, regardless of the environment.(B)Environmental factors can influence the expression of a genotype, leading to different phenotypes.(C)The flower color of hydrangeas is an example of a polygenic trait.(D)The blue flower allele is dominant to the pink flower allele.

18. The phenomenon described, where a single genotype can produce different phenotypes in response to environmental conditions, is known as:

(A)pleiotropy(B)epistasis(C)phenotypic plasticity(D)complete dominance

19. Sexual reproduction increases the genetic variation in a population. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which sexual reproduction achieves this?

(A)Crossing over between homologous chromosomes.(B)The random orientation of chromosomes during metaphase I.(C)The random fusion of gametes from different parents during fertilization.(D)The creation of genetically identical clones through mitosis.

Question 20 refers to the image/diagram above.

20. The karyotype shown is from a human somatic cell. Which of the following best describes the gametes that can be produced by this individual through meiosis?

(A)All gametes will contain 22 autosomes and one X chromosome.(B)All gametes will contain 22 autosomes and one Y chromosome.(C)Half of the gametes will contain 22 autosomes and an X chromosome, and half will contain 22 autosomes and a Y chromosome.(D)All gametes will contain 44 autosomes and both an X and a Y chromosome.

21. In a particular species of fish, dark scales (D) are dominant to light scales (d). A heterozygous fish is crossed with a light-scaled fish. What percentage of the offspring are expected to be heterozygous?

(A)0%(B)25%(C)50%(D)75%

22. From an evolutionary perspective, which of the following is the most significant consequence of the genetic variation produced by meiosis?

(A)It guarantees that all offspring will be better adapted to the environment than their parents.(B)It decreases the chance of mutations occurring during DNA replication.(C)It provides the raw material upon which natural selection can act, allowing populations to adapt to changing environments.(D)It ensures that the chromosome number of a species remains constant from one generation to the next.

23. A single gene in humans causes Marfan syndrome, which is characterized by a collection of symptoms including long limbs, vision problems, and heart defects. This is an example of:

(A)pleiotropy(B)polygenic inheritance(C)incomplete dominance(D)gene linkage

AP Biology Unit 5: Heredity Practice Exam

Exam Details

A. Multiple-Choice Questions (23 Questions)

B. Short Answer Questions (2 Questions)

AP Biology Unit 5: Heredity Practice Exam

Exam Details

A. Multiple-Choice Questions (23 Questions)

B. Short Answer Questions (2 Questions)