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AP Chemistry Practice Quiz: Coupled Reactions

Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026

Test your understanding with short quizzes. This quiz has 9 questions to check your progress.

Question 1 of 9

According to the provided text, what is the primary purpose of using an external energy source or a coupled reaction?

All Questions (9)

According to the provided text, what is the primary purpose of using an external energy source or a coupled reaction?

A) To increase the rate of a thermodynamically favorable reaction.

B) To drive a thermodynamically unfavorable process.

C) To change the equilibrium constant of a reaction.

D) To decrease the activation energy of any chemical reaction.

Correct Answer: B

The text explicitly states that an external source of energy or a coupled reaction can be used to 'make a thermodynamically unfavorable process occur' or 'drive thermodynamically unfavorable processes.'

Which of the following is given as an example of an external energy source being used to drive a thermodynamically unfavorable process?

A) The conversion of ATP to ADP.

B) A reaction with a shared common intermediate.

C) The use of light for photosynthesis.

D) A summed reaction with a negative ΔG°.

Correct Answer: C

The text provides two specific examples of external energy sources: 'using electrical energy for electrolysis or light for photosynthesis.' The conversion of ATP to ADP is an example of a favorable reaction used in coupling, not an external energy source.

For a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction to be successfully driven by a coupled reaction, what must be true about the overall, summed reaction?

A) The overall ΔH° must be negative.

B) The overall ΔS° must be positive.

C) The overall ΔG° must be less than zero.

D) The overall ΔG° must be greater than zero.

Correct Answer: C

The provided content states that for a coupled reaction to form the desired product, 'the overall, summed reaction has ΔG° < 0.' This indicates that the overall process must be thermodynamically favorable (spontaneous).

A biological process requires the conversion of reactant X to product Y, which is thermodynamically unfavorable with a ΔG° of +15 kJ/mol. This process is coupled with the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP, which has a ΔG° of -30 kJ/mol. What is the overall ΔG° for the coupled reaction, and is it spontaneous?

A) +45 kJ/mol, non-spontaneous

B) +15 kJ/mol, non-spontaneous

C) -15 kJ/mol, spontaneous

D) -45 kJ/mol, spontaneous

Correct Answer: C

The overall ΔG° is the sum of the Gibbs free energy changes for the individual reactions. Overall ΔG° = (+15 kJ/mol) + (-30 kJ/mol) = -15 kJ/mol. Since the overall ΔG° is less than zero, the coupled reaction is spontaneous.

What is the role of the 'common intermediate' in a coupled reaction system?

A) It acts as a catalyst to speed up both reactions.

B) It is the final desired product of the overall reaction.

C) It provides an external source of energy like light or electricity.

D) It links the unfavorable reaction to the favorable one, allowing for energy transfer.

Correct Answer: D

The text states that in a coupled reaction, 'The reactions share a common intermediate.' This intermediate is the chemical species that physically links the two reactions, allowing the energy released from the favorable reaction (e.g., ATP hydrolysis) to drive the unfavorable one.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of a coupled reaction as described in the text?

A) Using sunlight to split water into hydrogen and oxygen.

B) Using electricity to plate a metal spoon with silver.

C) Using the energy from ATP hydrolysis to synthesize a protein.

D) Burning natural gas to heat a home.

Correct Answer: C

The text distinguishes between using an external energy source (like sunlight in A or electricity in B) and coupling reactions. The use of ATP hydrolysis (a favorable reaction) to power another process (protein synthesis, an unfavorable reaction) is the specific example of a coupled reaction provided.

The fundamental thermodynamic principle that requires the overall ΔG° of a successful coupled reaction to be negative is most directly related to which of the following?

A) The First Law of Thermodynamics (Conservation of Energy).

B) The Second Law of Thermodynamics, which dictates the direction of spontaneous processes.

C) Hess's Law, which concerns the enthalpy of reactions.

D) The Law of Mass Action, which relates to chemical equilibrium.

Correct Answer: B

A negative ΔG° signifies a spontaneous (thermodynamically favorable) process. The Second Law of Thermodynamics governs spontaneity, stating that the total entropy of an isolated system can only increase over time. ΔG is a measure of this for a system at constant temperature and pressure, and a process can only occur spontaneously if the overall ΔG is negative.

Based on the provided text, which of the following statements about driving thermodynamically unfavorable processes is INCORRECT?

A) The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP is an example of a favorable reaction used in coupling.

B) For a coupled reaction to be successful, the ΔG° of the favorable reaction must be more negative than the ΔG° of the unfavorable reaction is positive.

C) External energy sources and coupled reactions are two distinct methods to achieve the same goal.

D) Any favorable reaction can be coupled with any unfavorable reaction to make it occur.

Correct Answer: D

The text specifies a key requirement for coupled reactions: 'The reactions share a common intermediate.' This implies that not just any two reactions can be coupled; they must be chemically linked via a shared species for the energy transfer to occur. Therefore, the statement that 'any' favorable reaction can be coupled with 'any' unfavorable one is incorrect.

A process is described as 'thermodynamically unfavorable.' What does this imply about its standard Gibbs free energy change (ΔG°)?

A) ΔG° < 0

B) ΔG° > 0

C) ΔG° = 0

D) ΔG° is unrelated to thermodynamic favorability.

Correct Answer: B

A thermodynamically unfavorable process is one that is non-spontaneous under standard conditions. The sign of Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) indicates spontaneity: a negative value means spontaneous (favorable), a positive value means non-spontaneous (unfavorable), and zero means the system is at equilibrium.