AP Comparative Government and Politics Flashcards: Electoral Systems and Rules
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 10 cards to help you master important concepts.
How is representation determined differently in Nigeria's two legislative houses?
In the House of Representatives, the number of members per state is based on population, while the Senate has equal representation with three members from each state.
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How is representation determined differently in Nigeria's two legislative houses?
In the House of Representatives, the number of members per state is based on population, while the Senate has equal representation with three members from each state.
What institution vets candidates for Iran's Majles, and what is its effect?
The Guardian Council vets all candidates, which can be a method for advancing specific political interests by controlling who is allowed to run.
How does Mexico's electoral system for its Chamber of Deputies combine two different methods?
It uses a mixed system where 300 members are directly elected in single-member districts, and an additional 200 are elected by a proportional representation, party list system.
What mechanism has Mexico used to increase female representation in its Congress?
Mexico has implemented gender quotas in its proportional representation party list system, which has helped increase the number of women in the legislature.
What is the relationship between proportional representation and party systems?
Proportional representation relies on multi-member districts and promotes the development of multiparty systems.
What happens if no candidate wins outright in an Iranian Majles election?
The election may require a second round of voting to determine the winner in the single-member and multimember districts.
What is the electoral system for the United Kingdom's House of Commons?
Members are directly elected under single-member district, first-past-the-post rules.
Describe the mixed electoral system used for Russia's State Duma.
Half of the representatives are directly elected from single-member districts, and the other half are chosen through proportional representation with a threshold.
How does Iran's Majles ensure representation for certain religious minorities?
A small number of the 290 seats in the Majles are specifically reserved for designated non-Muslim minorities, such as Christians, Jews, and Zoroastrians.
How are members of China's National People's Congress selected?
Members are selected indirectly through a series of local and regional elections, rather than by a direct popular vote.