AP Environmental Science Flashcards: Methods to Reduce Urban Runoff
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 10 cards to help you master important concepts.
What is the common environmental problem addressed by building up (not out) and increasing public transport use?
Both methods address the problem of excessive impervious surface cover, which is a primary cause of urban runoff.
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What is the common environmental problem addressed by building up (not out) and increasing public transport use?
Both methods address the problem of excessive impervious surface cover, which is a primary cause of urban runoff.
In the context of urban planning, what does the strategy "building up, not out" mean?
This strategy focuses on developing taller, denser buildings within existing urban areas rather than expanding horizontally, which preserves more natural, permeable land.
To reduce runoff in a residential neighborhood, which two methods could a homeowner's association implement without major construction?
The association could focus on planting more trees throughout the community, as this method effectively increases water infiltration without requiring major infrastructure changes.
Explain how planting trees helps mitigate problems related to urban runoff.
Planting trees helps reduce urban runoff by increasing water infiltration into the soil through their root systems and canopy interception.
A city planner is designing a new commercial district. How could they incorporate two different strategies to minimize future urban runoff?
The planner could require the use of permeable pavement for all parking lots and sidewalks, and implement a policy of "building up, not out" to maximize green space.
Identify one of the four key methods mentioned to increase water infiltration in urban areas.
One key method is replacing traditional pavement with permeable pavement. Other methods include planting trees, using public transportation, and building up instead of out.
What is permeable pavement?
Permeable pavement is a material that replaces traditional pavement, allowing water to pass through it and infiltrate the ground below, which reduces surface runoff.
A city wants to redevelop a large parking lot to reduce local flooding. Which method would be most directly applicable?
Replacing the traditional pavement of the parking lot with permeable pavement would be the most direct and effective method to increase water infiltration on that site.
What is the primary goal of the methods described for mitigating urban runoff?
The primary goal of these methods is to increase water infiltration into the ground, thereby reducing the volume and velocity of surface runoff.
How does increasing the use of public transportation help reduce urban runoff?
Increased public transportation can reduce the need for personal vehicles, which in turn decreases the demand for impervious surfaces like roads and parking lots.