AP European History Flashcards: Luther and the Protestant Reformation
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 10 cards to help you master important concepts.
What does the "primacy of scripture" mean in the context of the Reformation?
This doctrine established that the Bible is the ultimate authority for Christian belief and practice, superseding the authority of the Catholic Church.
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What does the "primacy of scripture" mean in the context of the Reformation?
This doctrine established that the Bible is the ultimate authority for Christian belief and practice, superseding the authority of the Catholic Church.
How did Calvinist belief connect wealth accumulation with religious favor?
Calvinists sanctioned the idea that accumulating wealth was a sign of God's favor and a just reward for hard work.
Who were the Anabaptists?
The Anabaptists were a group of religious radicals who emerged in response to the new interpretations of Christian doctrine during the Reformation.
What was a primary criticism reformers like Martin Luther and John Calvin had of the Catholic Church?
Reformers Martin Luther and John Calvin criticized Catholic abuses and sought to reform Christian doctrine and practice.
Name two key reformers who criticized the Catholic Church and established new Christian doctrines.
Martin Luther and John Calvin were two key reformers who criticized Catholic abuses and established new interpretations of Christianity.
Identify two groups that responded to the new interpretations of Christian doctrine during the Reformation.
Religious radicals, such as the Anabaptists, and the German peasants were two groups that responded to the reformers' new doctrines.
What were the two main actions taken by reformers like Luther and Calvin that led to religious change?
They criticized Catholic abuses and established new interpretations of Christian doctrine and practice.
A merchant who works diligently and becomes wealthy believes his success is a sign of divine approval. Which Protestant group's ideas does this align with?
This aligns with the Calvinist notion that wealth accumulation could be a sign of God's favor and a reward for hard work.
What is the key time period identified for the significant changes in religious belief and practices related to the Reformation?
The period from 1450 to 1648 saw significant changes in religious belief and practices.
What is the Protestant doctrine of "salvation by faith alone"?
This is a new interpretation of Christian doctrine holding that salvation is granted by God's grace through faith, not earned through good works.