AP Human Geography Flashcards: Challenges of Urban Changes
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 14 cards to help you master important concepts.
What is environmental injustice in an urban context?
Environmental injustice is a social challenge resulting from urban geographic change, where certain communities face disproportionate environmental hazards.
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What is environmental injustice in an urban context?
Environmental injustice is a social challenge resulting from urban geographic change, where certain communities face disproportionate environmental hazards.
What are the consequences of urban renewal and gentrification?
Urban renewal and gentrification have both positive and negative consequences on the economic and social conditions of a city.
Why is it difficult for fragmented governments to address urban issues?
The functional and geographic fragmentation of governments presents challenges in coordinating policies and services to address complex urban issues effectively.
List three social or economic challenges that result from the movement of urban populations.
Challenges resulting from population movement include housing discrimination, lack of access to services, rising crime, and environmental injustice.
What is redlining?
Redlining is a form of housing discrimination that contributes to economic and social challenges within urban areas as populations move.
How are local food movements a response to urban challenges?
Local food movements are a response to social challenges in urban areas, such as inadequate access to services like fresh food.
What is blockbusting?
Blockbusting is a form of housing discrimination that emerges as urban populations shift, creating social and economic challenges for residents.
Name two distinct types of responses to social and economic challenges in cities.
Responses to urban challenges can include government policies like inclusionary zoning and community-based efforts like local food movements.
What are disamenity zones?
Disamenity zones, or zones of abandonment, are urban areas that grow as a result of population shifts and are characterized by significant economic and social challenges.
Identify an urban housing issue not related to discrimination.
Besides discrimination, housing affordability is a major economic and social challenge resulting from population shifts within cities.
What problem has increased with the growth of squatter settlements in large cities?
The growth of squatter settlements within large cities has led to an increase in conflicts over land tenure.
What is functional and geographic fragmentation of governments?
It is the dispersal of government agencies and institutions between state, county, city, and neighborhood levels, which complicates how urban issues are addressed.
What is the primary driver of geographic change within urban areas and its associated challenges?
The movement of urban populations within a city is a primary cause of geographic change and the resulting economic and social challenges.
What is inclusionary zoning?
Inclusionary zoning is a policy response to economic and social challenges in urban areas, aimed at addressing issues like housing affordability.