AP Latin Unit 2: Caesar I — Campaigns and Leadership Practice Exam

Assessment for Unit 2: Caesar I — Campaigns and Leadership

Estimated Time: 60 minutes

Exam Details

Questions: 20 total (18 multiple choice, 2 short answer)
Time: 60 minutes (recommended)
Topics Covered: Unit 2: Caesar I — Campaigns and Leadership
Format: Multiple Choice, Short Answer questions matching real exam difficulty
Scoring: Instant results with detailed explanations

A. Multiple-Choice Questions (18 Questions)

Select the one best answer for each question.

1. [Skill: 1A | Topic: 2.1] Read the excerpt below from Caesar, *De Bello Gallico*. "Ea res est Helvetiis per indicium enuntiata. Moribus suis Orgetorigem ex vinculis causam dicere coegerunt." Which of the following is the best translation of the phrase "Orgetorigem ex vinculis" in the sentence?

(A)Orgetorix from his chains (i.e., while in custody)(B)Orgetorix because of chains (i.e., on account of imprisonment)(C)Orgetorix toward chains (i.e., to be imprisoned)(D)Orgetorix with chains (i.e., by means of chains)

2. [Skill: 2A | Topic: 2.1] Read the excerpt below from Caesar, *De Bello Gallico*. "His rebus adducti et auctoritate Orgetorigis permoti constituerunt ea quae ad proficiscendum pertinerent comparare." In the excerpt, what is the grammatical function of "ad proficiscendum"?

(A)Gerundive of obligation modifying an implied noun ("things that must be departed")(B)Supine in -um expressing purpose after a verb of motion(C)Gerund in the accusative with *ad* expressing purpose ("for the purpose of setting out")(D)Ablative of means describing how they prepared supplies

3. [Skill: 4A | Topic: 2.1] Read the excerpt below from Caesar, *De Bello Gallico*. "Caesar, quod memoria tenebat L. Cassium consulem occisum exercitumque eius ab Helvetiis pulsum, concedendum non putabat." Which of the following best explains Caesar’s purpose in including the reference to L. Cassius and the earlier defeat?

(A)To present his decision as grounded in Roman memory and precedent, strengthening the justification for refusing to yield(B)To admit that he personally fears the Helvetii and therefore avoids battle(C)To criticize the Roman senate for appointing weak commanders in the past(D)To claim that the Helvetii are allies who deserve special legal privileges

4. **1.** [Skill: 2A | Topic: 2.2] Read the excerpt below (modeled on Caesar’s prose style): > *Caesar, cognitis eorum consiliis, milites ex castris educit atque in colle proximo constituit. Hostes, ubi nostros conspexerunt, aciem instruxerunt.* Which feature of the excerpt most strongly contributes to an *ostensibly objective* narrative voice typical of Caesar’s commentaries?

(A)The narrator’s use of third-person reference to “Caesar” instead of first-person narration(B)The presence of emotionally charged evaluative adjectives about the enemy(C)The use of direct address to the reader (e.g., “you see”)(D)The frequent use of exclamations and rhetorical questions

5. **2.** [Skill: 2B | Topic: 2.2] Read the excerpt below (modeled on Caesar’s prose style): > *Helvetii legatos ad Caesarem mittunt: pacem petunt. Caesar respondit se pacem non posse facere, nisi obsides darent; simul ostendit quanto in periculo provincia esset, si tantus numerus hominum fines suos transire conaretur.* Which interpretation best explains how the narrator’s perspective shapes the reader’s understanding of Caesar’s actions?

(A)The narration highlights procedural details and “danger to the province” to frame Caesar’s demands as responsible leadership rather than aggression(B)The narration emphasizes the personal fear Caesar feels, portraying him as uncertain and hesitant(C)The narration focuses primarily on the Helvetii’s virtues to encourage sympathy for them over Caesar(D)The narration condemns Caesar explicitly using moral judgment to show that his decision is unjust

6. **3.** [Skill: 2A | Topic: 2.2] Read the two excerpts below (both modeled on Caesar’s prose style): **Excerpt 1** > *Caesar dixit se id facere non posse, quod ita a maioribus accepisset.* **Excerpt 2** > *Caesar dixit: “Id facere non possum; ita a maioribus accepi.”* Compared with Excerpt 2, Excerpt 1 primarily affects narrative voice by

(A)creating greater distance from Caesar’s speech through indirect discourse, which can make the narration seem more detached(B)increasing emotional intensity by adding exclamatory language(C)shifting the narrative into first-person plural to include the reader(D)making the narrator openly hostile toward Caesar through explicit insults

7. [Skill: 2A | Topic: 2.3] Read the Latin excerpt below. "Caesar ex perfugis cognovit Helvetios in eo loco consedisse." Which of the following best identifies the clause structure used in "Helvetios ... consedisse" and its function in the sentence?

(A)An indirect statement reporting what Caesar learned(B)A purpose clause explaining why Caesar learned something(C)An indirect question asking where the Helvetii had settled(D)An ablative absolute giving the circumstances under which Caesar learned something

8. [Skill: 1A | Topic: 2.3] Read the Latin excerpt below. "His rebus cognitis, Caesar ad flumen contendit." Which of the following is the best translation of "His rebus cognitis" as it functions in this sentence?

(A)Because Caesar knew these things, he hurried to the river(B)When these things had been learned, Caesar hurried to the river(C)So that these things might be learned, Caesar hurried to the river(D)Although Caesar learned these things, he hurried to the river

9. [Skill: 3A | Topic: 2.3] Read the Latin excerpt below. "Caesar legatos mittit qui pacem petant." What is the most accurate analysis of the clause "qui pacem petant" and the effect of this construction?

(A)A relative clause of purpose; it emphasizes the intended function of the envoys(B)A relative clause of characteristic; it describes the envoys as the kind of men who seek peace (as a general trait)(C)An indirect statement; it reports that the envoys are seeking peace as a fact(D)A temporal cum-clause; it states that Caesar sends envoys when they seek peace

10. 1. [Skill: 3.A | Topic: 2.4] Read the excerpt. "signo dato, pilis emissis, gladiis strictis, impetum fecerunt" Which choice best identifies how the passage achieves Caesar’s characteristic conciseness and rapid pacing?

(A)By using a sequence of ablative absolutes/participial phrases to compress multiple actions without full finite verbs(B)By using an extended relative clause that delays the main verb and creates suspense(C)By using indirect statement to report the actions as hearsay rather than narration(D)By using ornate metaphors and similes to elaborate each action in detail

11. 2. [Skill: 3.A | Topic: 2.4] Read the excerpt. "Quod ubi Caesar animadvertit, cohortatus milites, signum proelii dedit. Fit magna caedes." Which choice best explains the stylistic effect of the second sentence in context?

(A)The abrupt, short main clause creates emphasis on the outcome and accelerates the narrative after the more complex first sentence(B)The second sentence provides a detailed causal analysis that clarifies why Caesar gave the signal(C)The second sentence shifts to a neutral, non-narrative register in order to summarize background ethnography(D)The second sentence introduces ambiguity by using indirect discourse to distance Caesar from responsibility

12. 3. [Skill: 3.A | Topic: 2.4] Read the excerpt. "Non sine magno militum dolore legiones deduxit." Which choice best describes the figure of speech and its rhetorical effect?

(A)Litotes; the understatement intensifies the idea that the soldiers’ grief was very great while maintaining Caesar’s restrained tone(B)Hyperbole; the exaggeration is meant to make the grief seem unbelievable and therefore humorous(C)Chiasmus; the mirrored word order draws attention primarily to the military formation rather than emotion(D)Anaphora; repeated initial words create a rhythmic build across multiple clauses

13. [Skill: 3A | Topic: 2.5] Read the excerpt below from Caesar (prose narrative). "Cum id nuntiatum esset, Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit; ... ipse in provinciam venit." Which of the following claims about Caesar’s leadership is best supported by the specific wording "maturat," "quam maximis potest itineribus," "contendit," and "ipse"?

(A)Caesar presents himself as reluctant to take action and as being pushed into the campaign by others.(B)Caesar emphasizes speed and personal responsibility to portray himself as a decisive commander.(C)Caesar highlights careful delay and extensive planning to portray himself as cautious and methodical.(D)Caesar stresses negotiation and diplomacy to portray himself primarily as a peacemaker rather than a military leader.

14. [Skill: 2A | Topic: 2.5] Read the excerpt below from Caesar (prose narrative). "Haeduos fratres consanguineosque saepe numero a senatu appellatos ... orare ut sibi auxilium ferat." Which of the following evidence → inference → claim chains best matches how Caesar’s wording supports an argument about his campaign?

(A)Evidence: "orare"; Inference: the Haedui are threatening Caesar; Claim: Caesar depicts his allies as aggressors to justify attacking them.(B)Evidence: "fratres consanguineosque"; Inference: Caesar highlights an officially recognized bond between Rome and the Haedui; Claim: Caesar frames intervention as a duty owed to loyal allies.(C)Evidence: "a senatu appellatos"; Inference: the Haedui are being accused by the senate of wrongdoing; Claim: Caesar portrays the Haedui as criminals whom Rome must punish.(D)Evidence: "saepe numero"; Inference: Caesar is unsure whether the senate truly supports the Haedui; Claim: Caesar emphasizes Roman uncertainty in order to argue against involvement.

15. [Skill: 3A | Topic: 2.6] Stimulus (Caesar, adapted from BG 1.7): > Caesar, ubi de eius adventu Helvetii certiores facti sunt, maturat ab urbe proficisci et quam maximis potest itineribus in Galliam ulteriorem contendit. A student is writing an analytical paragraph with the interpretive claim: “Caesar portrays himself as a commander who responds to threats with exceptional speed and urgency.” Which of the following Latin words or phrases from the stimulus provides the most compelling textual evidence for that claim?

(A)ubi de eius adventu Helvetii certiores facti sunt(B)maturat ab urbe proficisci(C)in Galliam ulteriorem(D)Helvetii

16. [Skill: 3B | Topic: 2.6] Stimulus (Caesar, adapted from BG 1.13): > His rebus cognitis Caesar legatos ad eum mittit qui postularet ne in finibus Haeduorum iter faceret. A student’s interpretive claim is: “Caesar presents his actions as measured and justified: he gathers information and then uses diplomacy before force.” Which of the following best explains how a close reading of the Latin can support that claim?

(A)The ablative absolute ‘His rebus cognitis’ frames Caesar’s decision as following from established knowledge, and ‘legatos ... mittit’ shows an initial diplomatic step.(B)The relative pronoun ‘qui’ shows that Caesar is uncertain about what to do, so he delays action.(C)The negative command ‘ne ... faceret’ reveals that Caesar is primarily concerned with showing personal anger toward the Haedui.(D)The verb ‘faceret’ is in the indicative mood, which proves that Caesar’s account is objective and unbiased.

17. [Skill: 1A | Topic: 2.7] Read the excerpt, adapted from Caesar, *De Bello Gallico*: "Caesar, quod memoria tenebat L. Cassium consulem occisum exercitumque eius ab Helvetiis pulsum, maturat ab urbe proficisci." In this sentence, what is the function of the clause introduced by *quod* ("quod memoria tenebat...")?

(A)It gives a cause ("because he remembered...") for Caesar’s action.(B)It introduces a relative clause describing Caesar ("who was remembering...").(C)It expresses a result of Caesar’s action ("with the result that he remembered...").(D)It introduces an indirect question explaining what Caesar remembered ("what he remembered was...").

18. [Skill: 3A | Topic: 2.7] Read the excerpt, adapted from Caesar, *De Bello Gallico*: "Caesar, omnibus rebus ad bellum comparatis, maturat ab urbe proficisci." Which element of the Latin most directly contributes to a tone of urgency and decisive leadership?

(A)The adjective *omnibus* ("all")(B)The ablative absolute *omnibus rebus ad bellum comparatis*(C)The verb *maturat*(D)The prepositional phrase *ab urbe*

B. Short Answer Questions (2 Questions)

Answer all parts of each question. Answers must be in essay form. Outlines or lists alone are not acceptable.

Question 19:

Question 20:

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