AP Music Theory Flashcards: Adding Predominant Function IV (iv) and ii (ii°) to a Melodic Phrase
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 10 cards to help you master important concepts.
What is the typical order of harmonic functions within a phrase that includes a predominant chord?
The typical order of functions within a harmonic progression or melodic phrase is tonic-predominant-dominant-tonic.
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What is the typical order of harmonic functions within a phrase that includes a predominant chord?
The typical order of functions within a harmonic progression or melodic phrase is tonic-predominant-dominant-tonic.
What are predominant harmonies?
Predominant harmonies are chords, such as the subdominant (IV/iv) and supertonic (ii/ii°), that often precede the dominant functional area of a phrase.
If a progression begins on the tonic and ends with a dominant-tonic cadence, where would a IV chord most logically be placed?
The IV chord, a predominant harmony, would most logically be placed between the initial tonic and the dominant chord.
What is the primary purpose of inserting predominant chords into a harmonic progression?
Predominant chords are frequently inserted into a progression to intensify the establishment of the key.
A composer writes a progression in a minor key and places a ii° chord before the V chord. What is the function of this ii° chord?
The ii° chord is functioning as a predominant harmony, as it precedes the dominant functional area.
In a standard tonic-predominant-dominant-tonic progression, which chord function immediately precedes the dominant?
The predominant chord function, such as a subdominant (IV/iv) or supertonic (ii/ii°), immediately precedes the dominant.
Which two chords are specifically identified as often serving a predominant function?
The subdominant (IV or iv) and supertonic (ii or ii°) chords often serve as predominant harmonies.
What Roman numeral represents the supertonic chord?
The supertonic chord is represented by the Roman numeral ii in major keys and ii° in minor keys.
In what two contexts can harmonic function be identified and described?
Harmonic function can be identified and described within both performed music and notated music.
What Roman numeral represents the subdominant chord?
The subdominant chord is represented by the Roman numeral IV in major keys and iv in minor keys.