AP Modern World History Flashcards: Nationalism and Revolutions
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 19 cards to help you master important concepts.
Define 19th-century liberalism.
It was an ideology that developed from discontent with monarchist rule, emphasizing principles of democracy and individual rights.
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Define 19th-century liberalism.
It was an ideology that developed from discontent with monarchist rule, emphasizing principles of democracy and individual rights.
Provide an example of a nationalist movement in the Philippines that challenged existing boundaries.
The Propaganda Movement in the Philippines was a nationalist movement that challenged the existing Spanish colonial rule.
What is an example of a Pacific island nationalist movement mentioned in the text?
Maori nationalism in New Zealand is an example of an indigenous nationalist movement that developed in response to imperial rule.
Give two examples of nationalist movements that sought to unify fragmented territories.
The unification of Germany and the unification of Italy are two prominent examples of nationalism driving the unification of politically divided regions.
What two new systems of government or ideologies were encouraged by discontent with monarchist rule?
Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of democracy and 19th-century liberalism.
What ideals inspired colonial subjects in the Americas to lead rebellions?
Colonial subjects in the Americas were inspired by democratic ideals, which fueled their rebellions against imperial powers.
How were newly imagined national communities defined?
These communities linked a shared national identity directly with the borders of the state, creating a strong connection between people, territory, and government.
How did governments sometimes harness the new sense of commonality among people?
Governments sometimes harnessed these new feelings of commonality and national identity to foster unity within their states, as seen with Ottomanism.
What was a primary cause of the revolutions from 1750 to 1900?
A primary cause was widespread discontent with monarchist and imperial rule, which encouraged the development of new political ideologies.
What was Ottomanism?
Ottomanism was a nationalist ideology developed by the Ottoman government to create a unified identity and foster unity among the empire's diverse ethnic and religious groups.
List three major independence movements that led to the emergence of new states in the Americas.
The American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and the various Latin American independence movements all facilitated the emergence of independent states.
What region in Europe saw the rise of multiple nationalist movements challenging imperial rule?
The Balkans experienced the rise of various nationalist movements that challenged the boundaries of existing empires, particularly the Ottoman Empire.
What historical era marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments?
The 18th century marked the beginning of this intense period of revolution, which led to the creation of new nation-states.
What was a major effect of the revolutions in the period 1750-1900?
A major effect was the decline of existing governments and the establishment of new nation-states.
What were the key elements that formed the basis for a new sense of commonality and national identity?
People developed a new sense of commonality based on shared language, religion, social customs, and territory.
Which revolution served as a model and inspiration for other colonial rebellions in the Americas?
The American Revolution and the resulting establishment of a republic served as a model for other rebellions led by colonial subjects.
What intellectual movement's ideas influenced resistance to existing political authority?
Enlightenment ideas heavily influenced resistance to existing political authority and were reflected in key revolutionary documents.
Name three revolutionary documents that reflected Enlightenment ideals.
Three key documents are the American Declaration of Independence, the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, and Simón Bolívar’s Letter from Jamaica.
What is a nation-state?
A nation-state is a state in which a great majority shares the same culture and is conscious of it, a concept that emerged from the revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries.