AP Modern World History Flashcards: Reactions to the Industrial Economy
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 11 cards to help you master important concepts.
How did some governments and individuals respond to the problems of industrial capitalism?
They promoted various types of political, social, educational, and urban reforms to address the negative changes brought about by industrialization.
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How did some governments and individuals respond to the problems of industrial capitalism?
They promoted various types of political, social, educational, and urban reforms to address the negative changes brought about by industrialization.
A worker in Manchester in 1850 is unhappy with 14-hour workdays and low pay. According to the text, what is the most likely action they might take with their colleagues?
They would most likely organize themselves into a labor union to collectively bargain for limited hours and higher wages.
Who was Karl Marx?
Karl Marx was a key philosopher whose ideas on socialism and communism were developed due to discontent with the established power structures of industrial societies.
Besides improving workplace conditions, what other function did workers' movements and political parties serve?
They emerged to promote alternative visions of society in response to the inequalities and discontent created by the industrial economy.
What was a primary cause for the calls for change in industrial societies from 1750 to 1900?
The social and economic changes brought about by industrial capitalism, which led to widespread discontent with established power structures, were a primary cause for calls for change.
What is the connection between industrial capitalism and the development of ideologies like communism?
Discontent with the power structures and inequalities created by industrial capitalism directly encouraged the development of alternative ideologies like communism.
What is a labor union?
A labor union is an organization of workers formed to improve working conditions, limit hours, and gain higher wages.
If a 19th-century government passed laws funding public schools and sanitation systems, what broader trend would this exemplify?
This would exemplify the educational and urban reforms that some governments promoted in response to the social and economic changes of industrial capitalism.
What ideologies developed from the discontent with established power structures during the Industrial era?
Ideologies such as socialism and communism, notably espoused by thinkers like Karl Marx, developed in response to the new social and economic hierarchies.
What was a significant internal obstacle to reform efforts in the Ottoman Empire and Qing China?
Reform efforts were often resisted by some members of the government or established elite groups who felt threatened by modernization.
Why did governments in the Ottoman Empire and Qing China seek to reform their economies and militaries?
They sought to reform and modernize in response to the expansion of industrializing states, aiming to maintain their power and sovereignty.