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AP Modern World History Practice Quiz: Global Resistance to Established Power Structures

Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026

Test your understanding with short quizzes. This quiz has 10 questions to check your progress.

Question 1 of 10

According to the text, what common strategy was promoted by Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Nelson Mandela?

All Questions (10)

According to the text, what common strategy was promoted by Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Nelson Mandela?

A) The use of nonviolent protest to achieve political goals.

B) The formation of militarized states to protect civilians.

C) The use of violence against civilians to challenge power.

D) The expansion of the military-industrial complex.

Correct Answer: A

The text explicitly states that these three individuals 'promoted the practice of nonviolence as a way to bring about political change.'

The actions of groups like the Shining Path and Al-Qaeda are presented in the text as examples of which of the following?

A) Nonviolent movements for political change.

B) State responses that intensify conflict.

C) Movements using violence against civilians for political ends.

D) Challenges to the military-industrial complex.

Correct Answer: C

The source material directly identifies the Shining Path and Al-Qaeda as examples of 'movements [that] used violence against civilians in an effort to achieve political aims.'

Based on the provided information, how did militarized states, such as Chile under Pinochet, often react to conflicts after 1900?

A) By promoting nonviolent resistance.

B) By adopting policies that de-escalated tensions.

C) By implementing responses that worsened the conflict.

D) By dismantling their military-industrial complexes.

Correct Answer: C

The text states that militarized states 'responded to the proliferation of conflicts in ways that further intensified conflict,' using Chile under Pinochet as a specific example.

Which of the following describes a key difference between the methods promoted by Martin Luther King Jr. and the methods used by Al-Qaeda, according to the text?

A) King sought political change, while Al-Qaeda sought to maintain existing power structures.

B) King promoted nonviolence, while Al-Qaeda used violence against civilians.

C) King operated before 1900, while Al-Qaeda operated after 1900.

D) King's methods intensified conflict, while Al-Qaeda's methods de-escalated it.

Correct Answer: B

The text explicitly contrasts leaders like Martin Luther King Jr., who 'promoted the practice of nonviolence,' with groups like Al-Qaeda, which 'used violence against civilians.'

The concept of the 'military-industrial complex' is used in the text as an example of a factor that:

A) encourages nonviolent solutions to political problems.

B) contributes to the intensification of conflicts by militarized states.

C) is a form of resistance used by civilians against the state.

D) was successfully challenged by leaders like Nelson Mandela.

Correct Answer: B

The text lists the 'military-industrial complex' as an example of a way in which militarized states responded to conflicts that 'further intensified conflict.'

According to the provided information, what was the primary goal of the nonviolent practices promoted by figures like Mohandas Gandhi?

A) To intensify military conflicts.

B) To support the growth of militarized states.

C) To achieve specific political aims.

D) To justify violence against civilians.

Correct Answer: C

The text clearly states that nonviolence was promoted 'as a way to bring about political change,' which is synonymous with achieving political aims.

The various reactions to power structures described in the text, such as nonviolent protest and armed struggle, occurred in the context of which historical development after 1900?

A) A century characterized by widespread peace and stability.

B) The universal adoption of democratic governments.

C) The complete dismantling of all established power structures.

D) A century marked by numerous wars and conflicts.

Correct Answer: D

The text introduces the topic by stating that 'Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century,' indicating that the various forms of resistance were a reaction to a period of frequent conflict.

The examples of Gandhi, Pinochet's Chile, and Al-Qaeda, when taken together, best illustrate which of the following developments after 1900?

A) The universal success of nonviolent movements in achieving their goals.

B) The complete absence of state-sponsored violence.

C) The diverse range of responses to existing power structures and conflict.

D) The global consensus on using nonviolence to solve disputes.

Correct Answer: C

The text provides examples of nonviolent resistance (Gandhi), state-led intensification of conflict (Pinochet's Chile), and violent resistance (Al-Qaeda). Collectively, these show a variety of reactions, as stated in the first sentence: 'Explain various reactions to existing power structures.'

A historian studying reactions to established power structures after 1900 would most likely categorize the Shining Path as a group that:

A) promoted nonviolence to challenge the state.

B) represented a militarized state's response to conflict.

C) targeted civilians with violence to pursue its objectives.

D) successfully de-escalated a major international war.

Correct Answer: C

The text explicitly uses the Shining Path as an example of a movement that 'used violence against civilians in an effort to achieve political aims.'

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the provided text's description of how established power structures were challenged after 1900?

A) They consistently chose diplomacy and nonviolent solutions in response to conflict.

B) They were often challenged by individuals promoting nonviolence.

C) They universally dismantled their militaries to avoid conflict.

D) They were immune to challenges from groups using violence.

Correct Answer: B

The text states that 'Groups and individuals challenged the many wars of the century, and some, such as Mohandas Gandhi...promoted the practice of nonviolence.' This directly supports the idea that established powers were challenged by proponents of nonviolence. The other options are contradicted by the text.