PrepGo

AP African American Studies Practice Quiz: White Supremacist Violence and the Red Summer

Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026

Test your understanding with short quizzes. This quiz has 16 questions to check your progress.

Question 1 of 16

The acute period of racial tensions and over 30 urban race riots in the summer of 1919 is known by what name?

All Questions (16)

The acute period of racial tensions and over 30 urban race riots in the summer of 1919 is known by what name?

A) The Great Migration

B) The Tulsa Massacre

C) The Red Summer

D) The Black Wall Street Uprising

Correct Answer: C

The provided text explicitly states, 'The acute period of tensions in 1919 is known as the “Red Summer”' and notes that 'More than 30 urban race riots occurred that summer.'

According to the text, which of the following was a direct cause of the rise in hate crimes during the Red Summer?

A) The beginning of the Great Migration

B) The success of Black Wall Street

C) The end of the Civil War

D) Competition for jobs and a global flu pandemic

Correct Answer: D

The text states, 'In the summer of 1919, a global flu pandemic, competition for jobs, and racial discrimination against Black First World War veterans all contributed to a rise in hate crimes across the country.'

The 1921 Tulsa race massacre resulted in the destruction of which prominent African American community?

A) Harlem, New York

B) Greenwood, also known as 'Black Wall Street'

C) The South Side of Chicago

D) The French Quarter in New Orleans

Correct Answer: B

The content specifies that the Tulsa race massacre 'destroyed more than 1,250 homes and businesses in Greenwood, also known as “Black Wall Street,” which was one of the most affluent African American communities in the United States.'

Which of the following best describes a long-term economic consequence of the racial violence in the early twentieth century, as mentioned in the text?

A) It led to the federal government providing reparations to affected communities.

B) It spurred the creation of new, even more affluent, Black communities in the South.

C) It hindered the ability of many African American families to pass down wealth and property.

D) It caused a permanent decline in economic opportunities across the United States.

Correct Answer: C

The text directly states, 'Racial violence in the twentieth century prevented many African American families from passing down wealth and property.'

How did African Americans respond to the white supremacist attacks during this period?

A) Exclusively through non-violent protests and marches.

B) By ceasing all forms of political engagement.

C) Through political activism, published accounts, and armed self-defense.

D) By unanimously agreeing to assimilate into white communities.

Correct Answer: C

The source material indicates that 'African Americans resisted white supremacist attacks on their communities through political activism, published accounts, and armed self-defense.'

The text suggests a direct link between racial violence in the South and which major demographic shift?

A) The Second Industrial Revolution

B) The beginnings of the Great Migration

C) Westward expansion and the Homestead Act

D) Increased immigration from Southern Europe

Correct Answer: B

The text concludes by stating, 'Racial discrimination and violence, coupled with lack of economic opportunities in the South, spurred the beginnings of the Great Migration.'

Who was responsible for inciting the Tulsa race massacre in 1921?

A) A mob of white residents and city officials

B) Federal troops sent to enforce integration

C) Black World War I veterans demanding equal rights

D) Anarchist political groups

Correct Answer: A

The content clearly states, 'In 1921, a mob of white residents and city officials incited the Tulsa race massacre, in Tulsa, Oklahoma.'

The period of proliferating racial violence between 1917 and 1921 was primarily incited by what group?

A) Labor union organizers

B) White supremacists

C) Returning soldiers of all races

D) Foreign governments

Correct Answer: B

The text specifies that 'Between 1917 and 1921 there was a proliferation of racial violence incited by white supremacists.'

Which factor contributing to the Red Summer specifically involved the post-World War I context?

A) The global flu pandemic

B) The destruction of Black Wall Street

C) Racial discrimination against Black veterans

D) The start of the Great Migration

Correct Answer: C

The text lists several causes for the 1919 violence, but 'racial discrimination against Black First World War veterans' is the one directly tied to the aftermath of WWI.

What was a defining characteristic of the Greenwood district in Tulsa before the 1921 massacre?

A) It was a newly established settlement for war veterans.

B) It was one of the most affluent African American communities in the U.S.

C) It was the political capital of Oklahoma.

D) It was an integrated community known for racial harmony.

Correct Answer: B

The text describes Greenwood as 'one of the most affluent African American communities in the United States' before it was destroyed.

The text lists several methods of African American resistance to white supremacist violence. Which of the following is NOT mentioned?

A) Armed self-defense

B) Published accounts

C) Filing lawsuits in federal court

D) Political activism

Correct Answer: C

The text explicitly lists 'political activism, published accounts, and armed self-defense' as methods of resistance. It does not mention filing lawsuits in federal court.

Approximately how many homes and businesses were destroyed during the Tulsa race massacre?

A) Fewer than 100

B) Around 500

C) More than 1,250

D) Over 5,000

Correct Answer: C

The source material states that the Tulsa race massacre 'destroyed more than 1,250 homes and businesses in Greenwood.'

What combination of factors is presented as the impetus for the Great Migration?

A) The global flu pandemic and the Red Summer

B) The success of Black Wall Street and new job opportunities in the North

C) The call for soldiers in World War I and the promise of land grants

D) Racial violence and a lack of economic opportunities in the South

Correct Answer: D

The text explicitly states that 'Racial discrimination and violence, coupled with lack of economic opportunities in the South, spurred the beginnings of the Great Migration.'

In what year did the Tulsa race massacre take place?

A) 1917

B) 1919

C) 1921

D) 1925

Correct Answer: C

The text states, 'In 1921, a mob of white residents and city officials incited the Tulsa race massacre...'

Which statement best synthesizes the information about the causes of violence and African American responses in the early 20th century?

A) Economic competition was the sole cause of violence, to which African Americans responded by leaving the South.

B) White supremacist violence, fueled by post-war tensions, was met with a multi-faceted resistance from African Americans that included both activism and self-defense.

C) The Tulsa race massacre was an isolated incident that had little connection to the broader national tensions of the Red Summer.

D) African American resistance was primarily passive and focused on publishing accounts of the violence, which directly led to the Great Migration.

Correct Answer: B

This option correctly combines the multiple causes of violence (white supremacists, post-war tensions) and the varied forms of African American resistance (activism, self-defense) described throughout the text.

The term 'Black Wall Street' was a nickname for which location?

A) The financial district of New York City

B) The entire city of Tulsa, Oklahoma

C) The Greenwood district in Tulsa

D) A network of Black-owned banks in the South

Correct Answer: C

The text clarifies this directly: 'The Tulsa race massacre destroyed more than 1,250 homes and businesses in Greenwood, also known as “Black Wall Street”...'