AP European History Flashcards: Ideologies of Change and Reform Movements
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 11 cards to help you master important concepts.
What was a major point of internal debate among 19th-century liberals?
Liberals debated the extent to which all groups in society, such as the non-propertied classes or women, should be allowed to actively participate in governance.
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What was a major point of internal debate among 19th-century liberals?
Liberals debated the extent to which all groups in society, such as the non-propertied classes or women, should be allowed to actively participate in governance.
What is meant by a Marxist 'scientific' critique of capitalism?
This refers to the Marxist approach of analyzing capitalism as a system with inherent laws and contradictions that would scientifically and inevitably lead to its own collapse.
What were the core principles of 19th-century liberalism?
Liberals emphasized popular sovereignty, individual rights, and enlightened self-interest as the foundations of government and society.
If a political group in the 1830s advocated for individual rights but also argued that only property owners should vote, what ideology would they best represent?
This group would represent liberalism, which championed individual rights but often debated and limited the extent of political participation to certain groups.
How did some 19th-century radicals challenge traditional gender roles?
Beyond advocating for men, some radicals argued for extending political and civil rights to women.
What was the overarching impact of new intellectual developments on the political and social order from 1815 to 1914?
New intellectual developments, including liberalism, radicalism, socialism, and anarchism, directly challenged the established political and social order of the era.
What is the fundamental economic goal of socialism?
Socialists called for the redistribution of society’s resources and wealth to create a more equitable system.
How did socialist thought evolve during the 19th century?
Socialism evolved from early Utopian ideals to a more structured, 'scientific' critique of capitalism as developed by Marxists.
What did Radicals, such as the British Chartists, demand?
Radicals in Britain (Chartists) and republicans demanded universal male suffrage and the rights of full citizenship.
What is Anarchism?
Anarchism is an ideology which asserts that all forms of governmental authority are unnecessary and should be overthrown.
A 19th-century thinker argues that private property is theft and that all wealth should be shared equally, but that this must be achieved by abolishing the state entirely. What ideology does this represent?
This represents Anarchism, as it calls for the redistribution of wealth (a socialist idea) through the complete overthrow of all governmental authority.