AP European History Flashcards: Second Wave Industrialization and Its Effects
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 11 cards to help you master important concepts.
What does a city like Manchester represent in the context of the Industrial Revolution?
Manchester exemplifies the rise of the factory system and mechanization as the dominant form of production that led to rapid urbanization.
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What does a city like Manchester represent in the context of the Industrial Revolution?
Manchester exemplifies the rise of the factory system and mechanization as the dominant form of production that led to rapid urbanization.
What caused corporations and governments to try to manage the market in the late 19th century?
Volatile business cycles during the last quarter of the 19th century prompted them to seek economic stability through various management methods.
What became the predominant mode of production by 1914?
By 1914, mechanization and the factory system had become the predominant modes of production in industrialized nations.
Identify two methods used by corporations or governments to manage volatile markets in the late 19th century.
Methods included the formation of monopolies to control industries, new banking practices, and the implementation of protective tariffs on goods.
What are tariffs, in the context of 19th-century market management?
Tariffs are taxes on imported goods, used by governments as a method to manage the market by protecting domestic industries from foreign competition.
What was a major social consequence of innovations in transportation and communication?
These innovations led to a higher level of urbanization as industrial centers grew and drew in populations.
What is the general relationship between technological innovation and socio-economic change during the Industrial Revolutions?
Innovations and advances in technology were a primary driver of fundamental economic and social change during this period.
How did efficient transportation methods affect consumerism and quality of life?
They improved the distribution of goods, which increased consumerism, and created new industries, thereby enhancing the quality of life for many.
How did new technologies in communication and transportation affect national economies?
These new technologies resulted in more fully integrated national economies and contributed to the creation of a truly global economic network.
What was the factory system?
A predominant mode of production by 1914, characterized by mechanization and the concentration of industrial manufacturing in centralized locations.
How did industrialization influence economic and political development between 1815 and 1914?
Industrialization spurred massive economic growth and integration while also influencing political developments related to labor, trade policy, and government regulation.