AP European History Flashcards: Nationalism
Written by AP Content Team, Verified for 2026 AP Exams, Last updated: May 2026
Review key ideas with interactive flashcards. This set includes 11 cards to help you master important concepts.
What does the Dreyfus affair exemplify in the context of 19th-century nationalism?
The Dreyfus affair is an example of the racialism and concomitant anti-Semitism that became associated with some forms of nationalism.
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What does the Dreyfus affair exemplify in the context of 19th-century nationalism?
The Dreyfus affair is an example of the racialism and concomitant anti-Semitism that became associated with some forms of nationalism.
How did a new generation of conservative leaders utilize nationalism?
Conservative leaders like Napoleon III, Cavour, and Bismarck used popular nationalism as a tool to create or strengthen the state.
What was the relationship between Jewish acculturation and the rise of Zionism?
While Western European Jews were becoming more socially and politically acculturated, a backlash of growing anti-Semitism led to the development of Zionism.
Who was Theodor Herzl?
Theodor Herzl was a key figure in the development of Zionism, a form of Jewish nationalism, as a response to European anti-Semitism.
Why was the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary ultimately an attempt to reconfigure national unity?
It was an attempt to stabilize a multi-ethnic state by formally recognizing the political power of its largest minority, thereby creating a new basis for unity.
What is Zionism?
Zionism is a form of Jewish nationalism, advocated by figures like Theodor Herzl, that developed as a response to growing anti-Semitism in Europe.
What is chauvinism in the context of 19th-century nationalism?
Chauvinism refers to an aggressive and exaggerated patriotism that nationalists sometimes used to encourage loyalty and a sense of national superiority.
What was the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary?
It was a political arrangement created to stabilize the state by recognizing the political power of the Hungarians, the empire's largest ethnic minority.
Identify three conservative leaders who used popular nationalism to strengthen their states.
Napoleon III (France), Camillo di Cavour (Piedmont-Sardinia), and Otto von Bismarck (Prussia) were conservative leaders who used nationalism to achieve their political goals.
How did nationalist figures like Giuseppe Mazzini promote their ideas?
Nationalists like Mazzini encouraged loyalty to the nation and political unification primarily through the lens of romantic idealism.
What ideologies did nationalists use to encourage loyalty to the nation?
Nationalists used romantic idealism, liberal reform, political unification, racialism, and chauvinism to foster national loyalty.